Finding the root domain name (or a top level domain, TLD) from a URL is challenging. Literature on the web generally leans towards a library that’ll find the root domain by way of comparing the URL against all approved top level domains … but this method introduces a degree of complexity that we wanted to avoid. The following function is one that we use to find a domain name root. It isn’t perfect, but it’s close.

On a member-based site we operate we put a limit on the size of a directory before additional credit is required. The following function will recursively look through an entire directory and return a filesize. While the value returned is in bytes, you can alter it into a human readable string by using the first function from this article (“Return a Readable Filesize with PHP”).

If you find yourself with the need to re-index an array so the first element has a key of 1 (rather than 0), the following function may come in useful. The function certainly isn’t required… it’s just that we were repeatedly applying the code in a project, so it made sense.

PHP’s function will do as described: get the size of a file in bytes. However, it’s usually necessary to convert that returned value into something

A time server is a computer server that reads the precise time from a reference and distributes this information to various clients. The most widely